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Stock List Crystals & Substrates
Stock List Targets
Germanium ( Ge ) - Germanium crystal growth
Crystal properties
Crystal Type:
cubic, diamond structure
Transmission Range
1.8 ... 23 µm
Refractive Index
4.0034 @ 9.72 µm, 4.0028 @ 10.6 µm
Reflective Loss
52.9 % @ 10 µm
Density
5.323 g/cm3
Melting Point
956, 959, 942, 938 °C
Molecular Weight
72.59
Thermal Conductivity
58.61 W/(m K)
Specific Heat
310 J/(kg K) @ 25 °C
Thermal Expansion
5.5×106 / K, 6.1×106 / K
Hardness (Knoop)
780
Youngs Modulus
102.7 <100>, 155.3 <111> GPa
Shear Modulus
67 <100> GPa
Bulk Modulus
77.2 GPa
Rupture Modulus
93 MPa
Elastic Coefficient:
C11 = 129 / C12 = 48.3 / C44 = 67.1 GPa
Dielectric Constant
16.6 @ f = 9.37 GHz
Solubility in Water
Insoluble
Application
Electronics lenses, band pass filters, thermography
Remarks
laser damage threshold: 2.9 ...3.3 GW / cm2
Germanium substrates
List of Optical Crystals
Materials
TransmissionRange (mm)
Density(g/cm³)
Thermal Expansion Coefficient (10-6/K)
BK7 glass
1.5164 (588 nm)
0.330 2.1
2.51
7.5
SF11 glass
1.78472 (588 nm)
0.370 2.5
4.74
6.8
F2 glass
1.62004 (588 nm)
0.420 2.0
3.61
8.2
Fused Silica
1.4858 (308 nm)
0.185 2.5
2.20
0.55
CaF2
1.399 (5.0 mm)
0.170 7.8
3.18
18.85
BaF2
1.460 (3.0 um)
0.15 12.0
4.88
18.4
Sapphire
1.755 (1.0mm)
0.180 4.5
3.98
8.4
Silicon
3.4179 (10mm)
1.200 7.0
2.33
4.15
Ge
4.003 (10 mm)
1.900 16
5.33
6.1
ZnSe
2.40 (10 mm)
0.630 18
5.27
7.8
ZnS
2.2 (10mm)
0.380 14
4.09
6.5
LiF
1.39 (500 nm)
0.150 5.2
2.64
37
KBr
1.526 (10 mm)
0.280 22
2.75
43
MgF2
no = 1.3836 ne = 1.3957 (405 nm)
0.130 7.0
7.37
a: 13.7 b: 8.48
YVO4
no = 1.9500 ne = 2.1554 (1.3 mm)
0.400 5.0
4.22
a: 4.46 b: 11.37
Calcite
no = 1.6557 ne = 1.4852 (633 nm)
0.210 2.3
a: 24.39 b: 5.68
Quartz
no = 1.5427 ne = 1.5518 (633 nm)
0.200 2.3
2.65
7.07
α-BBO
no = 1.6749 ne = 1.5555 (532 nm)
0.190 3.5
3.85
a: 4.0 c: 36
LiNbO3
no = 2.2863 ne = 2.2027 (633 nm)
0.370 4.5
4.64
a: 16.7 c: 2.0
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